| Ripp's Rescue CPR & First Aid, LLC All rights reserved. |
| CPR & AED |
Section 1: Introduction
This student hand book serves as a reference guide with a simple design and easy-to-follow skill guides for basic life
support (BLS). For the purpose of this program, the term (BLS) means recognition of signs of sudden cardiac arrest,
heart attack, stroke, foreign body airway obstruction (choking), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and automated
external defibrillation (AED).
Universal Precautions
"Universal Precautions" is a way to limit the spread of disease by preventing contact with blood and certain body fluids.
Bloodborne pathogens are viruses or bacteria that are carried in blood and can cause disease in people. There are many
different Bloodborne pathogens, but Hepatitis B (HBV) and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are the two
diseases commonly addressed by health and safety standards. There are no documented cases of HIV, HBV or HCV
infection transmitted by mouth-to-mouth ventilation.
Personal Protective Equipment
These are barriers between you and the victim's blood or body fluid. A simple but effective barrier for skin to skin
contact is created when you wear protective disposable gloves when caring for a wound or use a face shield or mask
when performing rescue breathing.
Prevention
To reduce the risk of infection you should:
* Always wear protective equipment in first aid situations.
* Carefully remove gloves, clothing and any other contaminated material. Place them in appropriate bags or containers.
* Use an alcohol-based hand rub to clean your hands and other exposed skin after providing first aid. (Compared with
soap and water, alcohol-based hand rubs are more effective in reducing bacteria on hands and cause less skin irritation).
* If an alcohol-based hand rub is not available, wash with soap and water.
Section 2: Heart attack and Stroke
Heart Attack - Signs and Symptoms:
*Chest pain or a dull discomfort behind the breastbone that may or may not spread to the arms, back, neck, jaw or
stomach.
* Shortness of breath
* Weakness, Nausea, dizziness.
* Heavy sweating
* Uncertainty and embarrassment
* Denial- Victim refused to accept that he or she may be having a heart attack.
Heart Attack - First Aid:
* Have the victim sit down or rest quietly.
* Loosen any tight clothing
* If the victim has a known heart condition, help them take their medication. Usually this is Nitroglycerin, placed or
sprayed under the tongue.
* If the chest pain or discomfort/pain is unimproved or worsens five minutes after one dose has been taken, call 9-1-1
immediately.
* If the victim does not have a history of an aspirin allergy, listen to if the 9-1-1 operator recommends the victim chew
an aspirin while awaiting the arrival of EMS providers.
Stroke - Signs and Symptoms:
* Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body
* Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding
* Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
* Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
* Sudden, severe headache
* Mini-Stroke (transient Ischemic Attack-TIA). The same symptoms as a stroke will occur, but these will only last for a
few minutes.
Stroke - First Aid:
If you suspect a stroke, ask the victim to:
* Smile
* Raise both arms
* Speak a simple sentence
If the victim has any trouble with these three tasks, they may be having a stroke.
* Alert EMS or initiate your Emergency Action Plan immediately!
* If it's available and you are properly trained, give emergency oxygen.
* Comfort, calm and reassure the victim.
Section 3: Automated External Defibrillator
An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a small, portable computerized devise that diagnosis and treat
ventricular Fibrillation. It is attached with wires and pads to the chest of the victim. If checks the person's heart rhythm,
decides if the rhythm is ventricular fibrillation, and gives the heart and electric shock. If this shock is delivered promptly
after collapse, many victims can survive without brain damage. If an AED is available, immediately attach it to the
victim. Listen and follow the machines instructions.
Section 4: CPR Skill Guides
Universal Basic Life Support Procedures for Adults (8years of age and older)
Assess the scene: If the scene is not safe or at anytime becomes unsafe, GET OUT!
Assess the victim: Check for response. Victim unresponsive or not moving...
Alert: EMS or the emergency action plan.
Attend to the ABCD"S: Open the airway with the head tilt/chin lift. Look, listen and feel for breathing for 5-10
seconds. Give two rescue breaths that make the chest rise visibly. Position your hands at the center of the chest between
the nipples. Fingers can be straight or fastened together. Give 30 hard, fast and deep compressions. Allow the chest to
recoil after each compression. When compressing the chest you should press down 1 1/2 to 2 inches. Repeat 2 breaths
and 30 compressions until help arrives or the victim becomes responsive. Your speed should be about 100 compressions
per minute. If there is an AED available, expose the chest, turn on the AED and attach the adult pads. Follow the AED
voice prompts.
Universal Basic Life Support Procedures for children (1 to 8 years of age)
Assess the scene: If the scene is not safe or at anytime becomes unsafe, GET OUT!
Assess the victim: Check for response. Victim unresponsive or not moving...
Alert: EMS or the emergency action plan.
Attend to the ABCD"S: Open the airway with the head tilt/chin lift. Look, listen and feel for breathing for 5-10
seconds. Give two rescue breaths that make the chest rise visibly. Position one hand at the center of the chest between
the nipples. Fingers should be straight and kept off of the chest. Give 30 hard, fast and deep compressions. Allow the
chest to recoil after each compression. When compressing the chest you should press down 1/3 to 1/2 the depth of the
child's chest. Repeat 2 breaths and 30 compressions with one hand until help arrives or the victim becomes responsive.
Your speed should be about 100 per minute. If there is an AED available, expose the chest, turn on the AED and attach
the child pads. Follow the AED voice prompts.
Universal Basic Life Support Procedures for infants (0 to 1 year of age)
Assess the scene: If the scene is not safe or at anytime becomes unsafe, GET OUT!
Assess the victim: Check for response. Victim unresponsive or not moving...
Alert: EMS or the emergency action plan.
Attend to the ABCD"S: Open the airway with the head tilt/chin lift. Look, listen and feel for breathing for 5-10
seconds. Give two rescue breaths that make the chest rise visibly. Position two fingers just below the nipple line. Fingers
should be positioned one below the other. Give 30 hard, fast and deep compressions. Allow the chest to recoil after
each compression. When compressing the chest you should press down 1/3 to 1/2 the depth of the infants chest. Repeat
2 breaths and 30 compressions with two fingers until help arrives or the victim becomes responsive. Your speed should
be about 100 per minute. AED's are not recommended for children under age 1.
Section 5: Choking (Foreign Body Airway Obstruction)
Choking occurs when an object blocks the passage that allows air in and out of the lungs. Children are particularly at
risk for choking because of the small size of their air passages, inexperience with chewing, and natural tendency to put
objects in their mouths. In children ages 5-14 the majority of choking episodes are associated with food, especially
candy. For children ages 1-4, coins were involved in 18% of all choking related emergencies. Rapid First Aid for
choking can save a life!
Mild Blockage (air exchange is good)
Signs and Symptoms
* Victim is conscious
* Victim may be coughing strongly
* You may hear high pitches squeaking or wheezing
Rapid First Aid Relief
* Encourage the victim to cough
* Stay with the victim
* Watch closely
* Be ready to take action if the symptoms worsen
* If the blockage continues, alert EMS
Severe Blockage (air exchange is poor)
Signs and Symptoms
* Victim is clutching throat
* Victim cannot cough or make any sound
* Victim may have blue lips, nails or skin
Rapid First Aid Relief
* Quickly ask "are you choking?" If the victim nods yes or is unable to speak, cough, cry - act quickly!
* Stand behind an adult or kneel behind a child
* Make a fist and place it on the victims abdomen just above the navel
* Give firm inward and upward thrusts until the object is expelled or the victim becomes unresponsive.
* If the victim is unresponsive, call 9-1-1, guide them to the ground and begin the steps of CPR
This student hand book serves as a reference guide with a simple design and easy-to-follow skill guides for basic life
support (BLS). For the purpose of this program, the term (BLS) means recognition of signs of sudden cardiac arrest,
heart attack, stroke, foreign body airway obstruction (choking), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and automated
external defibrillation (AED).
Universal Precautions
"Universal Precautions" is a way to limit the spread of disease by preventing contact with blood and certain body fluids.
Bloodborne pathogens are viruses or bacteria that are carried in blood and can cause disease in people. There are many
different Bloodborne pathogens, but Hepatitis B (HBV) and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are the two
diseases commonly addressed by health and safety standards. There are no documented cases of HIV, HBV or HCV
infection transmitted by mouth-to-mouth ventilation.
Personal Protective Equipment
These are barriers between you and the victim's blood or body fluid. A simple but effective barrier for skin to skin
contact is created when you wear protective disposable gloves when caring for a wound or use a face shield or mask
when performing rescue breathing.
Prevention
To reduce the risk of infection you should:
* Always wear protective equipment in first aid situations.
* Carefully remove gloves, clothing and any other contaminated material. Place them in appropriate bags or containers.
* Use an alcohol-based hand rub to clean your hands and other exposed skin after providing first aid. (Compared with
soap and water, alcohol-based hand rubs are more effective in reducing bacteria on hands and cause less skin irritation).
* If an alcohol-based hand rub is not available, wash with soap and water.
Section 2: Heart attack and Stroke
Heart Attack - Signs and Symptoms:
*Chest pain or a dull discomfort behind the breastbone that may or may not spread to the arms, back, neck, jaw or
stomach.
* Shortness of breath
* Weakness, Nausea, dizziness.
* Heavy sweating
* Uncertainty and embarrassment
* Denial- Victim refused to accept that he or she may be having a heart attack.
Heart Attack - First Aid:
* Have the victim sit down or rest quietly.
* Loosen any tight clothing
* If the victim has a known heart condition, help them take their medication. Usually this is Nitroglycerin, placed or
sprayed under the tongue.
* If the chest pain or discomfort/pain is unimproved or worsens five minutes after one dose has been taken, call 9-1-1
immediately.
* If the victim does not have a history of an aspirin allergy, listen to if the 9-1-1 operator recommends the victim chew
an aspirin while awaiting the arrival of EMS providers.
Stroke - Signs and Symptoms:
* Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body
* Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding
* Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
* Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
* Sudden, severe headache
* Mini-Stroke (transient Ischemic Attack-TIA). The same symptoms as a stroke will occur, but these will only last for a
few minutes.
Stroke - First Aid:
If you suspect a stroke, ask the victim to:
* Smile
* Raise both arms
* Speak a simple sentence
If the victim has any trouble with these three tasks, they may be having a stroke.
* Alert EMS or initiate your Emergency Action Plan immediately!
* If it's available and you are properly trained, give emergency oxygen.
* Comfort, calm and reassure the victim.
Section 3: Automated External Defibrillator
An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a small, portable computerized devise that diagnosis and treat
ventricular Fibrillation. It is attached with wires and pads to the chest of the victim. If checks the person's heart rhythm,
decides if the rhythm is ventricular fibrillation, and gives the heart and electric shock. If this shock is delivered promptly
after collapse, many victims can survive without brain damage. If an AED is available, immediately attach it to the
victim. Listen and follow the machines instructions.
Section 4: CPR Skill Guides
Universal Basic Life Support Procedures for Adults (8years of age and older)
Assess the scene: If the scene is not safe or at anytime becomes unsafe, GET OUT!
Assess the victim: Check for response. Victim unresponsive or not moving...
Alert: EMS or the emergency action plan.
Attend to the ABCD"S: Open the airway with the head tilt/chin lift. Look, listen and feel for breathing for 5-10
seconds. Give two rescue breaths that make the chest rise visibly. Position your hands at the center of the chest between
the nipples. Fingers can be straight or fastened together. Give 30 hard, fast and deep compressions. Allow the chest to
recoil after each compression. When compressing the chest you should press down 1 1/2 to 2 inches. Repeat 2 breaths
and 30 compressions until help arrives or the victim becomes responsive. Your speed should be about 100 compressions
per minute. If there is an AED available, expose the chest, turn on the AED and attach the adult pads. Follow the AED
voice prompts.
Universal Basic Life Support Procedures for children (1 to 8 years of age)
Assess the scene: If the scene is not safe or at anytime becomes unsafe, GET OUT!
Assess the victim: Check for response. Victim unresponsive or not moving...
Alert: EMS or the emergency action plan.
Attend to the ABCD"S: Open the airway with the head tilt/chin lift. Look, listen and feel for breathing for 5-10
seconds. Give two rescue breaths that make the chest rise visibly. Position one hand at the center of the chest between
the nipples. Fingers should be straight and kept off of the chest. Give 30 hard, fast and deep compressions. Allow the
chest to recoil after each compression. When compressing the chest you should press down 1/3 to 1/2 the depth of the
child's chest. Repeat 2 breaths and 30 compressions with one hand until help arrives or the victim becomes responsive.
Your speed should be about 100 per minute. If there is an AED available, expose the chest, turn on the AED and attach
the child pads. Follow the AED voice prompts.
Universal Basic Life Support Procedures for infants (0 to 1 year of age)
Assess the scene: If the scene is not safe or at anytime becomes unsafe, GET OUT!
Assess the victim: Check for response. Victim unresponsive or not moving...
Alert: EMS or the emergency action plan.
Attend to the ABCD"S: Open the airway with the head tilt/chin lift. Look, listen and feel for breathing for 5-10
seconds. Give two rescue breaths that make the chest rise visibly. Position two fingers just below the nipple line. Fingers
should be positioned one below the other. Give 30 hard, fast and deep compressions. Allow the chest to recoil after
each compression. When compressing the chest you should press down 1/3 to 1/2 the depth of the infants chest. Repeat
2 breaths and 30 compressions with two fingers until help arrives or the victim becomes responsive. Your speed should
be about 100 per minute. AED's are not recommended for children under age 1.
Section 5: Choking (Foreign Body Airway Obstruction)
Choking occurs when an object blocks the passage that allows air in and out of the lungs. Children are particularly at
risk for choking because of the small size of their air passages, inexperience with chewing, and natural tendency to put
objects in their mouths. In children ages 5-14 the majority of choking episodes are associated with food, especially
candy. For children ages 1-4, coins were involved in 18% of all choking related emergencies. Rapid First Aid for
choking can save a life!
Mild Blockage (air exchange is good)
Signs and Symptoms
* Victim is conscious
* Victim may be coughing strongly
* You may hear high pitches squeaking or wheezing
Rapid First Aid Relief
* Encourage the victim to cough
* Stay with the victim
* Watch closely
* Be ready to take action if the symptoms worsen
* If the blockage continues, alert EMS
Severe Blockage (air exchange is poor)
Signs and Symptoms
* Victim is clutching throat
* Victim cannot cough or make any sound
* Victim may have blue lips, nails or skin
Rapid First Aid Relief
* Quickly ask "are you choking?" If the victim nods yes or is unable to speak, cough, cry - act quickly!
* Stand behind an adult or kneel behind a child
* Make a fist and place it on the victims abdomen just above the navel
* Give firm inward and upward thrusts until the object is expelled or the victim becomes unresponsive.
* If the victim is unresponsive, call 9-1-1, guide them to the ground and begin the steps of CPR
This page will cover all CPR & AED information and test components. Please read the following
information thoroughly and once you are finished, you may complete the test portion located on the CPR
test page. Take notes along the way, it never hurts! When the test is completed, please print it out and
mail the test along with a check or money order to:
Ripp's Rescue CPR, LLC
3229 NE 44th Avenue
High Springs, FL 32643
**If you enclose a check, please note that we will send your certification card(s) out once the check has
cleared the bank. Thank you for your cooperation with this matter!
information thoroughly and once you are finished, you may complete the test portion located on the CPR
test page. Take notes along the way, it never hurts! When the test is completed, please print it out and
mail the test along with a check or money order to:
Ripp's Rescue CPR, LLC
3229 NE 44th Avenue
High Springs, FL 32643
**If you enclose a check, please note that we will send your certification card(s) out once the check has
cleared the bank. Thank you for your cooperation with this matter!
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